Treasure Island

I've read Stevensons Treasure Island and was surprised that I could not find many words in my dictionaries.
Treasure-island-map.jpg

Trasure Island is peppered with nautical expressions and the slang of buccaneers. While I found most of the nautical expressions in my dictionary, though it leaves me musing about the meaning of the German translation, I could not find some of the idiomatic phrases. From time to time I came across a word which was used in quite a different manner than I was used to, so I looked into my dictionary, but could not find an appropriate meaning.

I wonder if their is any commentary around which can clarify these phrases to a non native speaker.